Prevalence and pregnancy outcome in antiphospholipid syndrome: an observational study

Abstract

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by vascular thrombosis, both arterial and venous, and recurrent spontaneous pregnancy loss due to circulating antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) including anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) and/or anti-glycoprotein I antibodies (anti-GPI). This observational study was conducted among antenatal women at OBG Department, IMS, and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, over a year from March 2020 to 2021. Of 1260 cases, 25 were diagnosed with ALPA syndrome, with a prevalence rate of 1.98%. The most common age was 26-30 years (40%) with a mean age of 28.83 ± 3.26 years. The primary cause was recurrent 1st-trimester spontaneous miscarriage. Beta 2 glycoprotein antibody was most prevalent (40%). Significant associations were found in hypertensive and FGR APLA patients compared to non-hypertensive and non-FGR APLA patients. Hypertension and FGR occurred in 24% and 20% of APLA patients, respectively. Preterm delivery rate was higher (52%) in APLA syndrome, without significant association. B2GP antibody was linked to the lowest live birth rate, and highest rates of preeclampsia, IUGR, and stillbirth. Screening for B2GP antibodies is recommended for FGR and early onset preeclampsia cases with/without previous spontaneous pregnancy loss.